HISTORY

Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
13,730,000,000ya        
  • The Big Bang
  • Photon Epoch
13,729,923,000ya        
  • Photon Epoch
  • Matter dominates
13,729,623,000ya        
  • Microwave background radiation created
  • H and He atoms form
13,580,000,000ya        
  • Dark ages, universe opaque
  • First stars and quasars
12,930,000,000ya        
  • First stars and quasars
12,730,000,000ya         
8,300,000,000ya        
  • Milky Way Galaxy formed
4,600,000,000ya        
  • Solar system formation
4,567,170,000yaPrecambrian, Hadean, Cryptic,      
  • Earth's formation
  • Earth Bombardment by about 15 objects 100mi wide, some 200mi wide
4,500,000,000yaPrecambrian, Hadean, Cryptic,      
  • Earth struck by 4000 mi wide object, creates moon
  • Earth Bombardment by about 15 objects 100mi wide, some 200mi wide
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
4,400,000,000yaPrecambrian, Hadean, Cryptic,      
  • Liquid Water and Atmosphere existed
  • Earth Bombardment by about 15 objects 100mi wide, some 200mi wide
4,200,000,000yaPrecambrian, Hadean, Cryptic,      
  • Placid not hellish, possibly even frozen
  • Sun 30% cooler than today
  • Evidence of plate tectonics
  • Earth Bombardment by about 15 objects 100mi wide, some 200mi wide
4,150,000,000yaPrecambrian, Hadean, Basin Groups,      
  • Earth Bombardment by about 15 objects 100mi wide, some 200mi wide
3,920,000,000yaPrecambrian, Hadean, Nectarian,      
  • Formation of Moon's Crust
  • Earth Bombardment by about 15 objects 100mi wide, some 200mi wide
3,850,000,000yaPrecambrian, Hadean, Early Imbrian,      
  • Late Heavy Bombardment Eased
3,830,000,000yaPrecambrian, Hadean, Early Imbrian,      
  • Evidence of microbial life in Greenland
3,800,000,000yaPrecambrian, Archean, Eoarchean,      
  • Earth heat flow 3x of today
  • Earth volcanic activity considerably higher than today
3,600,000,000yaPrecambrian, Archean, Paleoarchean,      
  • Earth volcanic activity considerably higher than today
3,460,000,000yaPrecambrian, Archean, Paleoarchean,      
  • Earth volcanic activity considerably higher than today
  • Oldest clear evidence of life, well-preserved bacteria
3,200,000,000yaPrecambrian, Archean, Mesoarchean,      
  • Earth volcanic activity considerably higher than today
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
3,100,000,000yaPrecambrian, Archean, Mesoarchean,      
  • Earth volcanic activity considerably higher than today
  • Supercontinent Vaalbara
2,800,000,000yaPrecambrian, Archean, Neoarchean,      
  • Earth volcanic activity considerably higher than today
  • Oxygen photosynthesis evolves
2,724,000,000yaPrecambrian, Archean, Neoarchean,      
  • Earth volcanic activity considerably higher than today
  • Earliest stromatolites, rocks formed by cyanobacteria
  • Oxygen photosynthesis evolves
2,700,000,000yaPrecambrian, Archean, Neoarchean,      
  • Earth volcanic activity considerably higher than today
  • Oxygen photosynthesis evolves
  • Evidence of early stem eukaryotes
  • Supercontinent Kenorland
2,500,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Siderian,     
  • Earth heat flow 2x of today
  • Banded iron formations peak, anaerobic algae waste oxygen combined with iron, clearing iron from ocean
  • Supercontinent Kenorland
2,450,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Siderian,     
  • Banded iron formations peak, anaerobic algae waste oxygen combined with iron, clearing iron from ocean
2,400,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Siderian,     
  • Oxygen catastrophe
  • Banded iron formations peak, anaerobic algae waste oxygen combined with iron, clearing iron from ocean
  • Huronian glaciation, triggered by oxygen catastrophe
2,300,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Rhyacian,     
  • Huronian glaciation, triggered by oxygen catastrophe
2,100,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Rhyacian,     
  • Eukaryotes formed in this time period
  • Oldest surviving mountain belt: Wopmay Fault Zone, Canada
2,050,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Orosirian,     
  • Eukaryotes formed in this time period
  • Oldest surviving mountain belt: Wopmay Fault Zone, Canada
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
2,023,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Orosirian,     
  • Eukaryotes formed in this time period
  • Oldest surviving mountain belt: Wopmay Fault Zone, Canada
  • Asteroid impact creates Vredefort impact structure
2,000,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Orosirian,     
  • Eukaryotes formed in this time period
  • Oldest surviving mountain belt: Wopmay Fault Zone, Canada
  • Supercontinent Columbia
1,900,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Orosirian,     
  • Eukaryotes formed in this time period
  • Oldest surviving mountain belt: Wopmay Fault Zone, Canada
  • Intense worldwide orogeny (mountain creation)
  • Supercontinent Columbia
1,850,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Orosirian,     
  • Eukaryotes formed in this time period
  • Oldest surviving mountain belt: Wopmay Fault Zone, Canada
  • Intense worldwide orogeny (mountain creation)
  • Asteroid impact creates Sudbury Basin
  • Supercontinent Columbia
1,800,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Statherian,     
  • Eukaryotes formed in this time period
  • Faster Earth rotation, Years of 450 days, days of 20 hours
  • Supercontinent Columbia
  • Common ancestors with eukaryotes
1,700,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Statherian,     
  • Eukaryotes formed in this time period
  • Earliest potential fossils of modern groups of eukaryotes
  • Supercontinent Columbia
1,650,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Statherian,     
  • Supercontinent Columbia
1,600,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Mezoproterozoic, Calymmian,     
  • Supercontinent Columbia
1,500,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Mezoproterozoic, Calymmian,      
1,400,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Mezoproterozoic, Ectasian,     
  • Common ancestors with plants
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
1,300,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Mezoproterozoic, Ectasian,     
  • Common ancestors with amoeba
1,200,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Mezoproterozoic, Stenian,     
  • Earliest clear fossils of modern groups of eukaryotes
  • Earliest evidence of sexually reproducing complex multicellular life: eukaryotic red algae
  • Common ancestors with fungi
1,100,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Mezoproterozoic, Stenian,     
  • Supercontinent Rodinia
  • Common ancestors with DRIPs
1,000,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Tonian,     
  • Supercontinent Rodinia
900,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Tonian,     
  • Supercontinent Rodinia
  • Common ancestors with choanoflagellates
850,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Cryogenian,     
  • Supercontinent Rodinia
800,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Cryogenian,     
  • Supercontinent Rodinia
  • Common ancestors with cnidarians, ctenophores, placozoans, sponges, date and order unclear
750,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Cryogenian,    Sturtian glaciation,  
700,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Cryogenian,      
655,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Cryogenian,    Marinoan/Varanger glaciation,  
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
635,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran,      
630,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran,     
  • Common ancestor with acoelomorph flatworms
620,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran,     
  • ice age
600,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran,     
  • Supercontinent Pannotia
  • ice age
590,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran,     
  • Supercontinent Pannotia
  • Common ancestor with insects and worms
570,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran,     
  • Supercontinent Pannotia
  • Common ancestor with starfish, urchins, sea cucumbers
565,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran,     
  • Supercontinent Pannotia
  • Common ancestor with sea squirts
560,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran,     
  • Supercontinent Pannotia
  • Common ancestor with lancelets
543,000,000yaPrecambrian, Proterozoic, Neoproterozoic, Ediacaran,    Montezuman,
  • Supercontinent Pannotia
542,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Early Cambrian, Terreneuvian,  Montezuman,
  • Supercontinent Pannotia
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
540,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Early Cambrian, Terreneuvian,  Montezuman,  
535,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Early Cambrian, Terreneuvian,  Tommotian, Montezuman,  
530,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Early Cambrian, Terreneuvian,  Tommotian, Montezuman,
  • Common ancestor with lampreys and hagfish
526,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Early Cambrian, Cambrian Series 2,  Atdabanian, Montezuman,  
522,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Early Cambrian, Cambrian Series 2,  Botomian, Montezuman,  
520,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Early Cambrian, Cambrian Series 2,  Botomian, Dyeran,  
516,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Early Cambrian, Cambrian Series 2,  Toyonian, Dyeran,  
514,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Early Cambrian, Cambrian Series 2,  Toyonian, Delamaran,  
513,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Middle Cambrian, Cambrian Series 2,  Toyonian, Delamaran,  
510,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Middle Cambrian, Cambrian Series 3,  Cambrian Stage 5, Delamaran,  
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
508,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Middle Cambrian, Cambrian Series 3,  Cambrian Stage 5, Marjuman,  
507,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Middle Cambrian, Cambrian Series 3,  Drumian, Marjuman,  
502,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Middle Cambrian, Cambrian Series 3,  Guzhangian, Marjuman,  
502,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Middle Cambrian, Cambrian Series 3,  Guzhangian, Steptoan,  
499,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Furongian,  Paibian, Steptoan,  
496,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Furongian,  Cambrian Stage 9, Sunwaptan,  
492,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Furongian,  Cambrian Stage 10, Sunwaptan,  
490,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Cambrian,  Furongian,  Cambrian Stage 10,  
488,300,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Ordovician,  Early Ordovician, Tremadocian,   
478,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Ordovician,  Early Ordovician, Arenig,   
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
471,800,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Ordovician,  Middle Ordovician,    
468,100,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Ordovician,  Middle Ordovician, Darriwilian,   
460,900,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Ordovician,  Late Ordovician,    
460,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Ordovician,  Late Ordovician,   
  • First terrestrial plants/fungi hyphae, algae/liverwort
  • Common ancestor with sharks
445,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Ordovician,  Late Ordovician, Hirnantian,   
443,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Llandovery, Alexandrian, Rhuddanian,   
440,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Llandovery, Alexandrian, Rhuddanian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • Common ancestor with ray-finned fish
439,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Llandovery, Alexandrian, Aeronian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
436,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Llandovery, Alexandrian, Telychian, Ontarian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
428,200,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Wenlock, Sheinwoodian, Tonawandan,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
426,200,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Wenlock, Homerian, Lockportian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
425,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Wenlock, Homerian, Lockportian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • True land plants
  • Common ancestor with Coelacanths
422,900,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Ludlow, Gorstian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
421,300,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Ludlow, Ludfordian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
418,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Pridoli, Lochkovian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
417,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Silurian,  Pridoli, Lochkovian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • Common ancestor with Lungfish
416,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Devonian,  Early Devonian, Lochkovian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
411,200,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Devonian,  Early Devonian, Pragian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
407,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Devonian,  Early Devonian, Emsian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
397,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Devonian,  Middle Devonian, Eifelian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
391,800,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Devonian,  Middle Devonian, Givetian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
385,300,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Devonian,  Late Devonian, Frasnian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
380,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Devonian,  Late Devonian, Frasnian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • Terrestrial seed-bearing plants, leaves, roots, trees
374,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Devonian,  Late Devonian, Famennian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
374,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Devonian,  Late Devonian, Famennian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • Late Devonian extinction, marine only, likely due to new land vegetation, CO2 sink, cooling
359,200,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Mississippian, Early Mississippian, Tournaisian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
345,300,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Mississippian, Middle Mississippian, Viséan,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
340,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Mississippian, Middle Mississippian, Viséan,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • Common ancestor with Amphibians
326,400,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Mississippian, Late Mississippian, Serpukhovian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
318,100,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian, Early Pennsylvanian, Bashkirian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
311,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian, Middle Pennsylvanian, Moscovian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
310,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian, Middle Pennsylvanian, Moscovian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • Common ancestor with Sauropsids (Reptiles and Birds)
306,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian, Late Pennsylvanian, Kasimovian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
303,900,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian, Late Pennsylvanian, Gzhelian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
300,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian, Late Pennsylvanian, Gzhelian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • X and Y chromosomes diverge
299,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Cisuralian, Asselian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
294,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Cisuralian, Sakmarian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
284,400,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Cisuralian, Artinskian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
275,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Cisuralian, Kungurian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
270,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Guadalupian, Roadian, Ufimian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
268,400,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Guadalupian, Wordian, Kazanian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
265,800,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Guadalupian, Capitanian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
260,400,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Lopingian, Wuchiapingian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
253,800,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Lopingian, Changhsingian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
251,400,000ya Phanerozoic, Paleozoic, Permian,  Lopingian, Changhsingian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • Permian-Triassic extinction event, largest known, 96% marine, 70% terrestrial
251,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Triassic,  Early Triassic, Induan,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
249,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Triassic,  Early Triassic, Olenekian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
245,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Triassic,  Middle Triassic, Anisian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
237,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Triassic,  Middle Triassic, Ladinian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
228,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Triassic,  Late Triassic, Carnian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
216,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Triassic,  Late Triassic, Norian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
203,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Triassic,  Late Triassic, Rhaetian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
199,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Early Jurassic, Hettangian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
196,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Early Jurassic, Sinemurian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
189,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Early Jurassic, Pliensbachian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
183,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Early Jurassic, Toarcian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
180,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Early Jurassic, Toarcian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
  • Common ancestor with Monotremes
175,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Middle Jurassic, Aalenian,  
  • Supercontinent Pangaea
175,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Middle Jurassic, Aalenian,   
171,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Middle Jurassic, Bajocian,   
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
167,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Middle Jurassic, Bathonian,   
164,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Middle Jurassic, Callovian,   
161,200,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Late Jurassic, Oxfordian,   
155,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian,   
150,800,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Jurassic,  Late Jurassic, Tithonian,   
145,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Early Cretaceous, Berriasian,   
140,200,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Early Cretaceous, Valanginian,   
140,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Early Cretaceous, Valanginian,  
  • Common ancestor with Marsupials
136,400,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian,   
130,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Early Cretaceous, Barremian,  
  • Oldest pollen (angiosperm) fossil
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
125,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Early Cretaceous, Aptian,  
  • Oldest angiosperm fossil
112,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Early Cretaceous, Albian,   
105,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Early Cretaceous, Albian,  
  • Common ancestor with Afrotheres (elephant, aardvark, some shrews/moles)
100,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Early Cretaceous, Albian,  
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast whole-genome duplication of Kluyveromyces waltii
  • Great angiosperm radiation
99,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian,   
95,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian,  
  • Common ancestor with Xenarthrans (anteaters, armadillos, sloths)
93,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Turonian,   
89,300,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Coniacian,   
85,800,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Santonian,   
85,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Santonian,  
  • Common ancestor with Laurasiatheres (cats,dogs,bears,whales,bats, and lots more)
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
83,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Campanian,   
75,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Campanian,  
  • Common ancestor with rodents and rabbits
70,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian,   
70,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Mesozoic, Cretaceous,  Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian,  
  • Common ancestor with Culugos and tree shrews
65,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Paleocene, Danian,  
  • Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, Chicxulub asteroid, 30% marine, dinosaurs
  • 10C - 15C warmer than today
65,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Paleocene, Danian,  
  • Earliest primate, Plesiadapis, North America
  • Ancestor small primates diet mainly of insects
63,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Paleocene, Danian,  
  • Common ancestor with Lemurs, Aye-ayes, bushbabies
  • Ancestor small primates diet mainly of insects
61,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Paleocene, Selandian,  
  • Ancestor small primates diet mainly of insects
58,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Paleocene, Thanetian,  
  • Ancestor small primates diet mainly of insects
58,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Paleocene, Thanetian,  
  • Common ancestor with Tarsiers
  • Ancestor small primates diet mainly of insects
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
55,800,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Eocene, Ypresian,  
  • CO2 2000 ppm
  • Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Max, World temps shot up 5-8C, Artic to +23C
  • Ancestor small primates diet mainly of insects
49,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Eocene, Ypresian,  
  • Azolla event, co2 sink starts icehouse Earth
  • Ancestor primate diet shift from insects to fruits
48,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Eocene, Lutetian,  
  • Ancestor primate diet shift from insects to fruits
40,400,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Eocene, Bartonian,  
  • Ancestor primate diet shift from insects to fruits
40,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Eocene, Bartonian,  
  • Common ancestor with new world monkeys
  • Ancestor primate diet shift from fruits to vegetables
37,200,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Eocene, Priabonian,  
  • Ancestor primate diet shift from fruits to vegetables
33,900,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Oligocene, Rupelian,  
  • Ancestor primate diet shift from fruits to vegetables
30,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Oligocene, Rupelian,   
28,400,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Oligocene, Chattian,   
25,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Paleogene,  Oligocene, Chattian,  
  • Common ancestor with old world monkeys
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
23,030,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Aquitanian,  
  • Grasses became widespread
20,430,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Burdigalian,   
18,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Burdigalian,  
  • Common ancestor with gibbons
15,970,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Langhian,   
14,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Langhian,  
  • Common Ancestor with Orang-utans
13,650,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Serravallian,   
11,608,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Tortonian,   
7,246,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Messinian,   
7,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Messinian,  
  • Common Ancestor with Gorillas
  • Ancestor prehuman diet incorporates meat
6,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Messinian,  
  • Common Ancestor with Chimpanzees
  • Ancestor prehuman diet incorporates meat
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
6,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Messinian,  
  • Human Ancestors begin walking upright
  • Ancestor prehuman diet incorporates meat
5,960,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Miocene, Messinian,  
  • Messinian Salinity Crisis, Mediterranean Sea drying out
  • Ancestor prehuman diet incorporates meat
5,332,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Pliocene, Zanclean,  
  • Messinian Salinity Crisis, Mediterranean Sea drying out
  • Ancestor prehuman diet incorporates meat
5,330,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Pliocene, Zanclean,  
  • Zanclean flood, refills Mediterranean
  • Ancestor prehuman diet incorporates meat
4,100,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Pliocene, Zanclean,  
  • Last human ancestors seen with a grasping big toe
3,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Pliocene, Piacenzian, Blancan,   
3,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Pliocene, Piacenzian, Blancan,  
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
2,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Neogene,  Pliocene, Piacenzian, Blancan, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human Ancestors transporting stones many km, stone butchering
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
2,588,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Gelasian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
2,580,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Gelasian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Quaternary glaciation begins (continues to present)
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
2,300,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Gelasian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
2,000,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Gelasian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human Ancestors body and brain sizes increase
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
1,900,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Gelasian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human Ancestors body and brain sizes increase
  • Human Ancestors adapt to hot climates: narrow tall bodies, smaller guts, meat eating
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
1,806,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Calabrian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human Ancestors body and brain sizes increase
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
1,800,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Calabrian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human Ancestors bone tools for termites
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
1,770,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Calabrian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human Ancestors bone tools for termites
  • Human ancestor first out of Africa, Republic of Georgia
  • Ancestor human diet mixed vegetables, fruits, and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
1,700,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Calabrian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human Ancestors bone tools for termites
  • Human ancestors first in Asia
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
1,600,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Calabrian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human Ancestors bone tools for termites
  • Human ancestors hand axes
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
1,500,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Calabrian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Magnetic evidence of Homo Erectus control of fire
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
1,300,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Calabrian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human ancestors likely in Europe
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
800,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Calabrian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human ancestors hearth usage
  • Human ancestors rapid brain expansion period
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
790,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Calabrian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Possible earliest primate usage of fire
  • Human ancestors rapid brain expansion period
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
781,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human ancestors rapid brain expansion period
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
700,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • Human ancestors clearly in Europe
  • Human ancestors rapid brain expansion period
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
400,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age,
  • H. erectus transition to H. sapiens, skull expansion, tool usage
  • Earliest clear primate usage of fire
  • Human ancestors rapid brain expansion period
  • Human ancestors definite multi-shelter social groups
  • Human ancestors cold tolerant, shorter/fatter
  • Human ancestors spears
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
300,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • H. erectus transition to H. sapiens, skull expansion, tool usage
  • Human ancestors rapid brain expansion period
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
250,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Human ancestors rapid brain expansion period
  • Human ancestors communicate with symbols
  • Ancestor human diet mostly plants and some meat
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
230,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Human ancestors rapid brain expansion period
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
200,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Earliest human usage of fire with stones
  • Candidate time period for origin of human language
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
195,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Homo sapiens originate, DNA fossil evidence
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
170,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Humans start wearing clothes
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
164,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Human use of shellfish
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
160,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Archaic Homo Sapiens
  • Ancestor human diet more meat due to harsh climates, fire, clothes
140,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Human female mitochondrial common ancestor
  • Archaic Homo Sapiens
130,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Ionian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Neanderthals
  • Archaic Homo Sapiens
126,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Neanderthals
  • Archaic Homo Sapiens
100,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Neanderthals
77,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Toba catastrophe Super-eruption
  • Neanderthals
70,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Toba catastrophe Super-eruption
  • Neanderthals
  • Start of most recent glacial, ends at 10,000
69,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Neanderthals
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
60,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Human male y-chromosome common ancestor
  • Neanderthals
  • Human cave paintings
50,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic,
  • Human culture: Great Leap Forward
  • Neanderthals
45,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Human culture: Great Leap Forward
  • Earliest earth ovens
  • Neanderthals
42,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Human culture: Great Leap Forward
  • Neanderthals
  • Yams harvested (digging sticks found)
41,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Human culture: Great Leap Forward
  • Neanderthals
  • Supernova 250 ly that impacted earth 7000 years later
40,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Neanderthals
  • Human figurines
37,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Neanderthals
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
35,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Cro-Magnon, first modern humans H. sapiens sapiens, Europe
  • Neanderthals
  • Human musical instruments
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
34,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Neanderthals
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
  • Supernova 250 ly particles arrive at 10,000 km per sec
30,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Neanderthals
  • Humans make well-fitted clothing with bone needles
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
28,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
22,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
21,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic,
  • Maximum extent of most recent glacial
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
20,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic,
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
19,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic,
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
  • Wild grains (wheat, barley) being ground
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
17,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic,
  • Humans make baskets and pottery
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
15,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic,
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
  • Wild grains being harvested intensely
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
14,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic,
  • North America colonized Out of Asia
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
13,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Paleolithic, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic,
  • Tasmania isolated from Australia
  • Cro-magnons survive in cold via big-game, up to 50% meat
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
  • 6 mile diameter low density asteroid strike, probably from supernova 41000 years ago
12,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic,
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
11,500ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Pleistocene, Tarantian, Tyrrhenian Stage, Eemian, Sangamonian, Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic,
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
11,430ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic,
  • Mesolithic diet root veg, peas, beans, nuts, fruit, seafood
11,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic,
  • Domesticated sheep and goats
10,500ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Stone Age, Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic,
  • Humans engage in plant and animal domestication
10,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Stone Age, Neolithic, Preboreal,
  • current interglaciation begins
  • Agricultural Revolution
9,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Stone Age, Neolithic, Boreal,
  • Domesticated wheat, barley, legumes
  • Meat consumption fell enormously (35% to 10%), large game dies off, grains replace
  • Diet shift causes health to suffer: tooth decay, malnutrition, more infectious disease (could be due to crouding), height decreases 4 inches, anemia
8,000ya Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Neolithic, Atlantic,
  • Human symbolic alphabets
4000 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Neolithic, Atlantic,
  • Mid-Holocene thermal maximum, 1-2C warmer than today
3300 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Neolithic, Early Bronze Age, Atlantic,  
3000 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Bronze Age, Early Bronze Age, Subboreal,  
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
2200 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, Subboreal,  
1550 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age, Subboreal,  
1200 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subboreal,  
753 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subboreal,
  • Founding of Rome
563 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subboreal,
  • Siddhartha Guatama born
551 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subboreal,
  • Confucius born
509 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subboreal,
  • Founding of Roman Republic
500 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic,  
469 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic,
  • Socrates
399 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic,  
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
385 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic,
  • Plato form the Academy
335 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic,
  • Aristotle forms Lyceum
44 B.C. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic,
  • Julius Caesar murdered, Rome goes from republic to empire
1 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic,
  • Human population 200m
43 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic, Romano Britain,  
79 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic, Romano Britain,
  • Pompeii eruption
409 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Iron Age, Subatlantic, Invaders,  
500 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Invaders,  
1066 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Anglo-Normans,  
1215 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Middle Ages,  
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
1347 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Late Medieval,  
1348 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Late Medieval,
  • Black Death kills 30% to 60% of Europeans, World population falls from 450m to 375m
1350 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Late Medieval,  
1485 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Tudors,  
1603 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Stuarts,  
1604 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Stuarts,
  • Kepler's Star, most recent visible milky-way galaxy supernovae
1714 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Georgians,  
1800 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Georgians,  
1832 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Georgians,
  • CO2 284 ppm
1837 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Victorians,  
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
1876 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Victorians,
  • Last pure Tasmanian died
1900 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Early 20th Century,  
1943 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Early 20th Century,
  • Green Revolution increases agricultural output
1944 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Post WWII,
  • Green Revolution increases agricultural output
1959 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Post WWII,
  • Human population 3b
  • Green Revolution increases agricultural output
1979 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Post WWII,  
1994 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Post WWII,
  • 28% of arable land in use, 4.71% of land area; 40% of land area in use as pasture & cropland
1995 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Post WWII,
  • 83% of Earth land surface directly effected by humans
1999 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Post WWII,
  • Human population 6b
2007 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene, Anthropocene,  Subatlantic, Post WWII,
  • More humans in cities than rural areas
Start
years ago
Super EonEonEraPeriodSubperiodEpochAgeOtherEVENT
2009 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Post WWII,
  • CO2 387 ppm
2012 A.D. Phanerozoic, Cenozoic, Quaternary,  Holocene,  Subatlantic, Post WWII,
  • Human population 7b